Tuesday, October 1, 2013

SSW103: Gender and Sexuality

Human Sexuality is Complicated...

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Global News, Alberta. 

Huffington Post, (2013).  

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"Rehtaeh is gone today because of the four boys that thought that raping a 15-year-old girl was OK and to distribute a photo to ruin her spirit and reputation would be fun," her mother wrote. 

"All the bullying and messaging and harassment that never let up are also to blame. 

Lastly, the justice system failed her. Those are the people that took the life of my beautiful girl."

~ Leah Parsons, mother of Rehtaeh Parsons

Rehtaeh Parsons father, Glen Canning, has posted a statement to his blog about his daughter's death.

RehtaehParsons was my daughter

Glen Canning, (April 10, 2013). Herald News. 

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Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide

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Conference Board of Canada.

No violence statistics, no policy

Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2013. 

Progress on ending violence against women in Canada is stalled by the absence of a coherent national policy and consistent information about the levels of that violence says a study released today by the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (CCPA).
“The difficulty of collecting data about violence against women has been a barrier to progress in ending that violence,” says the study’s author, Kate McInturff. “However, the data that do exist tell us three things very clearly: this problem is big, it comes at a high cost, and we are making little or no progress in putting a stop to it.”
The study estimates the combined cost of adult sexual assault and intimate partner violence is $334 per person per year in Canada. This puts the cost of these crimes on par with the cost of the use of illegal drugs in Canada (an estimated $262 per person) or the cost of smoking (an estimated $541 per person). Federal public spending to address violence against women, on the other hand, amounted to $2.77 per person for the 2011-2012 fiscal year.
The study makes several recommendations on how to improve the situation, including: the implementation of regular, sensitive, detailed surveys of incidence of sexual assault and intimate partner violence; and a coherent, coordinated, well-resourced national action plan to address violence against women.
The Gap in the Gender Gap: Violence Against Women in Canada is available on the CCPA website.
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Violence against women worldwide is 'epidemic'

BBC, (2013). 

More than one in three women worldwide have experienced physical or sexual violence, a report by the World Health Organization and other groups says.
It says 38% of all women murdered were killed by their partners, and such violence is a major contributor to depression and other health problems.
WHO head Margaret Chan said violence against women was "a global health problem of epidemic proportions".
The study also calls for toleration of such attacks worldwide to be halted.
And it says new guidelines must be adopted by health officials around the world to prevent the abuse and offer better protection to victims.
The key findings are:
  • violence by an intimate partner is the most common type of abuse, affecting 30% of women across the globe
  • 38% of all women murdered were killed by their partners
  • 42% of women physically or sexually abused by partners had injuries as a result
  • Victims of non-partner attacks were 2.6 times more likely to experience depression and anxiety compared with women who had not experienced violence
  • Those abused by their partners were almost twice as likely to have similar problems
  • Victims were more likely to have alcohol problems, abortions and acquire sexually transmitted diseases and HIV
"This new data shows that violence against women is extremely common," said report co-author Prof Charlotte Watts from the LSHTM.
"We urgently need to invest in prevention to address the underlying causes of this global women's health problem."
The document adds that "fear of stigma" prevents many women from reporting sexual violence.
It stresses that health officials around the world need to take the issue "more seriously", providing better training for health workers in recognising when women may be at risk of violence and ensuring an appropriate response.
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Domestic violence against men: Know the signs

Domestic violence against men isn't always easy to identify, but it can be a serious threat. Know how to recognize if you're being abused — and how to get help.

Domestic violence — also known as domestic abuse, battering or intimate partner violence — occurs between people in an intimate relationship. Domestic violence against men can take many forms, including emotional, sexual and physical abuse and threats of abuse. It can happen in heterosexual or same sex relationships.
It might not be easy to recognize domestic violence against men. Early in the relationship, your partner might seem attentive, generous and protective in ways that later turn out to be controlling and frightening. Initially, the abuse might appear as isolated incidents. Your partner might apologize and promise not to abuse you again.
In other relationships, domestic violence against men might include both partners slapping or shoving each other when they get angry — and neither partner seeing himself or herself as being abused or controlled. This type of violence, however, can still devastate a relationship, causing both physical and emotional damage.
You might be experiencing domestic violence if your partner:
  • Calls you names, insults you or puts you down
  • Prevents you from going to work or school
  • Stops you from seeing family members or friends
  • Tries to control how you spend money, where you go or what you wear
  • Acts jealous or possessive or constantly accuses you of being unfaithful
  • Gets angry when drinking alcohol or using drugs
  • Threatens you with violence or a weapon
  • Hits, kicks, shoves, slaps, chokes or otherwise hurts you, your children or your pets
  • Assaults you while you're sleeping, you've been drinking or you're not paying attention to make up for a difference in strength
  • Forces you to have sex or engage in sexual acts against your will
  • Blames you for his or her violent behavior or tells you that you deserve it
  • Portrays the violence as mutual and consensual
If you're gay, bisexual or transgender, you might also be experiencing domestic violence if you're in a relationship with someone who:
  • Threatens to tell friends, family, colleagues or community members your sexual orientation or gender identity
  • Tells you that authorities won't help a gay, bisexual or transgender person
  • Tells you that leaving the relationship means you're admitting that gay, bisexual or transgender relationships are deviant
  • Justifies abuse by telling you that you're not "really" gay, bisexual or transgender
  • Says that men are naturally violent
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Experiment that convinced me online porn is the most pernicious threat facing children today: By ex-lads' mag editor MARTIN DAUBNEY

By Martin Daubney, (2013). Daily Mail UK. 

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And also "Everybody get ready for the rape train!"
Dr. Nerdlove, (2013). Everyday Feminism. 

The search for an identity and finding one’s own definition of what it means to be a man is an important part of maturity for young men, one that has been with us through most of recorded history.

With the ubiquity of mass-communication – whether it be magazines, newspapers, movies, television or the Internet – it’s not surprising that many men look to popular culture for sources of information what male behavior is supposed to be and how we’re supposed to display it.

Unfortunately, mass media doesn’t send the greatest of messages about how to be a man. In fact, we are regularly bombarded with messages selling the idea that masculinity is violent, physically aggressive and sexually domineering and that anger and stoic toughness are the only appropriate emotions for men to display.

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TEDxRainier - Alyssa Royse - Your Sexuality
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CBC Doc Zone, 2012. 
The powder keg that is porn culture has exploded in the lives of North American children. The often-devastating consequences are explored in the new film Sext up KIDS.
From tiny tots strutting bikini-clad bodies in beauty pageants to companies marketing itty-bitty thongs and padded bras to 9-year olds, images of ever-younger sexualized girls have become commonplace.  Add to that: ever-younger boys with 24-7 access to hard-core internet porn.   It saturates their lives - from skate parks to the school bus – by the time they’re eighteen, 80 percent of boys are watching porn online. Toss social media into the mix and kids can not only consume X-rated images, but can also now produce them.  Sexting has become a Grade 7 right of passage.
Sext up KIDS exposes how growing up in a hyper-sexualized culture hurts our kids. Teens and pre-teens show and tell what they are doing and why they are doing it.   Experts reveal startling new research, tracking how the pressure to be sexy is changing teen and sexual behavior in alarming ways, as “anal becomes the new oral.” Parents and educators struggle to help kids navigate puberty in a world where the line between pop culture and porn culture is increasingly blurred. For every parent who thinks, “that’s not my son or daughter,” Sext up KIDS is your wake up call.
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Newswire, 2013. Canadian Women's Foundation.
19 per cent of the respondents believe that women may provoke or encourage sexual assault when they are drunk. Of these, nearly one-quarter (23 per cent) were people between 18 and 34 years old.
"The belief that women are responsible for sexual assault because of their actions or appearance is still common in our society, and can cause women who have suffered abuse to stay silent and often feel responsible for what happened to them," says Anu Dugal, Director of Violence Prevention at the Canadian Women's Foundation. "Canadians must stop questioning and blaming sexual assault victims and start asking why some men rape women."
The study has also found that 15 per cent of Canadians believe women can encourage or provoke sexual assault by flirting with a man (20 per cent for age 18-34) and 11 per cent think women can encourage or provoke sexual assault when they wear short skirts (17 per cent for age 18-34).
In addition to physical trauma, sexual assault victims commonly have long-term and serious psychological effects that may include depression, self-blame, shame, fear, and anger. The programs funded by the Canadian Women's Foundation help women recover and rebuild their lives through counselling, legal advice and safety planning.
If you have been sexually assaulted:
  1. Safety - Go to a safe place.
  2. Report it - If you want to report the crime, notify the police immediately. This can help you regain a sense of control. Consider also calling a friend or family member who can offer support.
  3. Save the evidence - Do not shower, eat, drink, wash your hands or brush your teeth after the assault until after you have a medical exam. Save all the clothing you were wearing at the time of the assault in a paper bag.
  4. Get medical help - Go to a hospital or clinic. Even if you do not think you were physically harmed, you should still have a medical examination. If you think you were given a "rape drug" ask the hospital to take a urine sample.
  5. Document - Write down as much as you remember about the assault, including a description of the assailant.
  6. Get emotional support - Talk to a counsellor, crisis line or community organization that is trained to assist victims of sexual assault. Counseling can help you cope with the emotional and physical effects of the assault. Remember that the assault is not your fault.
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Creating gender equity: Lessons from Iceland

The sexually liberal country has not only criminalised the purchase of sex, but has also banned strip clubs. 

Megan Murphy, (2013). Al Jazeera.

Iceland ranked first place in the 2012 Global Gender Gap report, moving up from number 4 in 2008. Based on factors like economic participation and opportunity (so, looking at things like wage equality and the number of women in the labour force and in positions of power), educational attainment (based on factors such as female literacy and the number of women enrolled in higher education), health and survival (which looks at life expectancy and mortality rates), and political empowerment (which takes into account the number of women holding political office as well as the number of female heads of state); this report ranks countries throughout the world. 

Unlike the US, Iceland dealt with the crash by prosecuting those responsible, holding banks accountable, minimising, and in some cases forgiving individual household debts completely, cutting government spending and raising taxes.

They also came to the rather radical conclusion that a male-dominated economy and business culture were part of what led to the crash in the first place. In response, Iceland developed a legislation that ensured companies' boards were composed of 40 percent women and incorporated what they called "feminine values" into the "mainly male spheres of private equity, wealth management and corporate advice".

Throughout all this, the new government made maintaining Iceland's extensive welfare system a priority, protecting the middle and working classes above the rich. The country learned the consequences of right-wing privatisation policies and responded accordingly. Sigurdardottir said in an interview with Transform!:
"The system was not only economically harmful, but every day we have more information about the corruption and the greed that existed in that system." 
Having nearly reached gender parity in government, women hold 41 percent of seats in government, in comparison with the 17 percent of women in parliament in the US. The country offers generous maternity and paternity leave as well as and childcare provision from the state. 

The sexually liberal country not only criminalised the purchase of sex in 2009, but, the following year, Iceland banned strip clubs.

A feminist and a progressive endeavour, the proposal to ban hardcore pornography online has wide support in Iceland, as does the ban on strip clubs and the criminalisation of johns. 

When I talked to author and feminist activist, Professor Gail Dines, about this proposal, she emphasised that this was not about restricting sexual content, nudity, or erotica. Iceland's Interior Minister Ogmundur Jonasson, who is currently drafting the legislation, is looking specifically at restricting pornography that is hardcore, violent and cruel. 

The porn industry, Dines says, actually controls much of the discourse around sex. To limit that control, she argues, doesn't restrict "free speech". "The question is: Do we want to have broader debates and a broader discourse about sex, or do we want the pornographers to control it?"

Iceland's work to phase out the sex industry has been done, not on a puritanical or moralistic basis, but, is simply based on the belief that "it is not acceptable that women or people in general are a product to be sold". 

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